Gateshead occurs as town inside Tyne and Wear in north-north-east England on the south side of the River Tyne opposite Newcastle upon Tyne which covers the Northerly Bank. These are a independent personal injury settlement in the metropolitan borough of Gateshead. Gateshead & Newcastle come linked by decade bridges which are then shared per 2 towns.

History

Around 1068 William the Conqueror defeated Malcolm III of Scotland and his allies in Gateshead Fell. Inside 1553, in the reign of Edward VI Newcastle briefly annexed Gateshead, and processed an additional attempt around 1574.

Ambrose Crowley a Quaker nail-manufacturer moved in 1691 to Winlaton, in which he install furnaces & forges on the Flow of any stream Derwent. A flow of any stream wwhen ideally suitable for tempering steel as a sword-makers of Shotley Bridge also found. Crowley non sole produced high-quality nails, however as well cast-iron goods like pots, hinges, wheel-hubs, hatchets & edged information. He can besides produce heavily forgings prefer chains, pumps, cannon carriages & anchors as much as quaternary wads around weight.

Crowley founded ii exemplary settlements touching his works, in which his employees & their families sleep in socialist fashion, using welfare services provided - the forerunner of Robert Owen’s better-known community at New Lanark in Scotland a century late. There were arbitration courts, infection insurance, & the resident reverend, teacher & doctor were listed. Northward of the bridge at Swalwell come fragments of the Crowley works.

William Hawks, originally a blacksmith, began business around Gateshead within 1747, working by using the iron bring round the Tyne when ballast per Tyne pitman. Hawks & Co. at length became one of the large cast-irin businesses northwards, producing anchors, chains and then on to meet a growing require. There was lament contemporary contention between 'Hawks' Blacks' & 'Crowley's Crew'. A famed 'Hawk's men' including Ned White, went around to become celebrated in Geordie song & story.

Inside 1854, the ruinous explosion on the quayside destroyed virtually all of Gateshead's medieval heritage, & driven far flung damage on the Newcastle side of the flow of any stream.

Robert Sterling Newall took out a patent on the manufacture of wire ropes withwithin 1840 & in partnership by using Messrs. Liddell & Gordon, install his headquarters at Gateshead. The globe-wide industry of wire-drawing resulted. A undersea telegraphy cable received its definitive form across Newall's initiative, involving a apply of gutta percha surrounded by heavy wires. A number one successful Dover-Calais cable within 25 September 1851, was mass produced in Newall's works. Inside 1853, he invented a brake-drum & cone for laying cable around deep seas. Half of the number one Atlantic cable was made inside Gateshead.

Newall was interested around uranology, & his gargantuan Twenty-five inch scope was install around the garden at Ferndene, his Gateshead home in 1871.

Around 1831 a locomotive works was built per Newcastle and Darlington railway, later section of the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway. Around 1854 a works moved to a fresh places & became the manufacturing headquarters of North Eastern Railway. Around 1910, locomotive construction was moved to Darlington.

Gateshead is the location of the MetroCentre, which regained its place as a large shopping center within Europe when the freshly red mall opened inside October 2004. Gateshead is likewise a location of the Team Valley Trading Estate, initially a big & however one of a big purpose built commercial estates in the UK.

Gateshead, for several years overshadowed, unfeeling & within reputation, by its touching neighbour Newcastle upon Tyne has taken enterprising steps to change matters. a MetroCentre & a International Stadium were a begin, & other recently riverside overhaul include the exquisite Gateshead Millennium Bridge, erected in 2001. These are the 'blinking eye' bridge, unique in the globe. Too when existence a triumph of engineering skill, its peachy elegance won it the James Stirling prize for architecture within 2002. Close by, a BALTIC Centre for Contemporary Art]] has been established in a converted flour mill. The Sage Gateshead, a venue for music and the performing arts opened on 17 December 2004.

Gateshead is also home to a large number of public art works, including the The Angel of the North, Britain's largest sculpture with a height of 20 metres and a 54 metre wing span. This was a bold step for the council and has succeeded in drawing national attention to Gateshead. It was erected in 1998, and designed by Antony Gormley. It is visible from the A1 road immediately south of Gateshead, as well as from the East Coast Main Line.

Gateshead International Stadium regularly holds international athletics meetings over the summer months. It is also host to rugby league fixtures, and the home ground of both Gateshead Thunder Rugby League Football Club and Gateshead Football Club. Both clubs have had their problems: Gateshead FC were controversially elected out of the Football League to make way for Peterborough United in the 1960s, whilst Gateshead Thunder lost their place in Super League as a result of a takeover (officially termed a merger) by Hull FC. Both Gateshead clubs continue to ply their trade at lower levels in their respective sports, thanks mainly to the efforts of their supporters.

Gateshead is served by the Tyne and Put on Metro. There are stations at Gateshead Interchange, Gateshead International Stadium, Felling, Pelaw and Heworth.

Industry
Dunston, an area of Gateshead was the home of one of the most advanced power stations in the world in the 1930s. An extension was built after the Second World War and the power station ran until the 1970's when the site was used for the MetroCentre, the largest shopping centre in Europe.

Gateshead Jewry

The Gateshead Jewish community was established at the end of the 19th century when Eastern European Jewish refugees rejected the religious laxity of the Newcastle-upon-Tyne congregation, and crossed the river to set up their new synagogue.

The then Chief Rabbi Joseph Herman Hertz failed to thwart their attempts to establish a yeshiva in opposition to Jews' College, which was under his control in London. During the Nazi era, Gateshead benefited from the arrival of orthodox Jewish refugee businessmen. They funded the expansion of the yeshiva and the addition of a women's seminary, a teacher-training institute and a kollel, or centre for postgraduate rabbinical studies. Rabbi Eliyahu Dessler, originally from Lithuania, was one of the main scholars to establish Gateshead as a center of Talmudic scholarship. With the destruction of the centres of Orthodox Jewish scholarship on the European mainland, Gateshead became the largest such centre outside the United States and Israel, and the largest Orthodox Jewish education complex in postwar Europe. It became a powerhouse of Torah orthodoxy.

Rabbi Bezalel Rakow (1928-2005), communal rabbi from 1964, found himself at the centre of debate between Jewish orthodoxy and the features of modernity that he perceived as threatening orthodox values. When Chief Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, in his book The Dignity of Difference (2002), expressed the notion that Judaism might learn from other faiths, Rakow publicly demanded that Sacks repudiate the thesis of the book and withdraw it from circulation. Gateshead Jews have never recognised Sacks' office as having any authority over them in any case. Sacks reissued the volume, removing the passages that Rakow had found so offensive. Never before had the power and primacy of the communal rabbi of Gateshead been so starkly demonstrated.

Famous Gateshead Residents

Thomas Bewick Engraver William Booth Founder of the Salvation Army Catherine Booth William's daughter.Known as 'La Marechale' she founded the Salvation Army in continental Europe Mary Bowes, Countess of Strathmore Author and celebrity Harry Clasper Oarsman Joseph Cowen Radical politician Steve Cram Athlete Sarah Emily Davies Educational reformer and feminist. Founder of Girton College Cambridge Daniel Defoe Writer and government agent Madeleine Hope Dodds Historian George Elliott Industrialist and M.P. William Falla Nationally-known commercial gardener Paul Gascoigne Footballer Brian Johnson Current lead singer with rock band AC/DC James Leathart Industrialist and art collector John Thomas Looney Shakespeare scholar Robert Stirling Newall Industrialist Benazel Rakow Communal rabbi James Renforth Oarsman Geordie Ridley Composer of 'Blaydon races' William Shield Master of the King's Musick Christina Stead Australian novelist Joseph Swan Inventor of the electric light bulb William Wailes Stained glass maker Robert Spence Watson Author, arbiter and public benefactor Sylvia Waugh Author of the 'Mennyms' series for children